--- title: "Future Police Concept in the Development of the South African Police Service" type: "pdf" year: "2018" canonical: "/projects/1162" --- # FUTURE POLICE CONCEPT IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE For Research proposal for the Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology and Anthropology (The University of Western Cape, Application: 0339178 CK Ref: DKBHDDU) # Table of Contents - [FUTURE POLICE CONCEPT IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE](#future-police-concept-in-development-of-the-south-african-police-service) - [Summary:](#summary) - [A. Scanning:](#a-scanning) - [B. Analysis:](#b-analysis) - [C. Response:](#c-response) - [FUTURE POLICE CONCEPT IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE](#future-police-concept-in-development-of-the-south-african-police-service) - [Summary:](#summary) - [A. Scanning:](#a-scanning) - [B. Analysis:](#b-analysis) - [C. Response:](#c-response) - [FUTURE POLICE CONCEPT IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE](#future-police-concept-in-development-of-the-south-african-police-service) - [THE DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT](#the-department-of-development) - [1 Introduction](#1-introduction) - [2 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS RESEARCH PROPOSAL](#2-abbreviations-used-in-this-research-proposal) - [3 Abstract](#3-abstract) - [4 Background to study](#4-background-to-study) - [4.1 Cabinet Memorandum 14 of 2001](#41-cabinet-memorandum-14-of-2001) - [4.2 The Human Sciences Research Council Act, Act 17 of 2008](#42-the-human-sciences-research-council-act-act-17-of-2008) - [4.3 The International Information Security Standard ISO/IEC 27001:2013](#43-the-international-information-security-standard-isoiec-270012013) - [4.4 Scientific Research Council Act No. 46 Of 1988](#44-scientific-research-council-act-no-46-of-1988) - [4.5 Security Sector Reform](#45-security-sector-reform) - [4.6 Civilian Secretariat for Police Service Act, 2011 (Act No. 2 of 2011)](#46-civilian-secretariat-for-police-service-act-2011-act-no-2-of-2011) - [5 SAPS RESEARCH AGENDA 2016-2020 RESEARCH COLLOQUIUM](#5-saps-research-agenda-2016-2020-research-colloquium) - [5.1 Purpose for SAPS Division: Research](#51-purpose-for-saps-division-research) - [5.2 Purpose for SAPS Research Agenda 2016-2020](#52-purpose-for-saps-research-agenda-2016-2020) - [5.3 Research Priority Area](#53-research-priority-area) - [5.3.1 Supporting service delivery](#531-supporting-service-delivery) - [5.3.2 Better service delivery system](#532-better-service-delivery-system) - [5.3.3 Reclassifying moral SAPS sub-system](#533-reclassifying-moral-saps-sub-system) - [5.3.4 Recognizable proof and investigation of holes in current framework](#534-recognizable-proof-and-investigation-of-holes-in-current-framework) - [6 PROBLEM STATEMENT](#6-problem-statement) - [7 PARADIGMATIC PERSPECTIVE](#7-paradigmatic-perspective) - [7.1 Meta-theoretic assumptions](#71-meta-theoretic-assumptions) - [7.2 Theoretic assumptions](#72-theoretic-assumptions) - [7.3 Methodological assumptions](#73-methodological-assumptions) - [8 RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES](#8-research-aim-and-objectives) - [8.1 Research aim](#81-research-aim) - [8.2 Research Questions](#82-research-questions) - [8.3 Research Objectives](#83-research-objectives) - [8.4 Study design](#84-study-design) - [9 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY](#9-research-methodology) - [9.1 Study Context](#91-study-context) - [9.2 Population and sampling](#92-population-and-sampling) - [9.2.1 Population](#921-population) - [9.2.2 Sampling](#922-sampling) - [9.2.2.1 Inclusion criteria](#9221-inclusion-criteria) - [9.2.2.2 Exclusion criteria](#9222-exclusion-criteria) - [9.3 Recruitment of participants](#93-recruitment-of-participants) - [9.4 Process of obtaining informed consent](#94-process-of-obtaining-informed-consent) - [9.5 Data collection](#95-data-collection) - [9.5.1 Data collection tool](#951-data-collection-tool) - [9.5.2 Development of data collection tool](#952-development-of-data-collection-tool) - [10 Rigour / Validity \& reliability](#10-rigour-validity-reliability) - [11 Ethical considerations](#11-ethical-considerations) - [11.1 Permission and informed consent](#111-permission-and-informed-consent) - [11.2 Anonymity](#112-anonymity) - [11.3 Confidentiality](#113-confidentiality) - [12 Time in Research](#12-time-in-research) - [13 Philosophy of Research](#13-philosophy-of-research) - [14 Executive Summary](#14-executive-summary) - [15 References](#15-references) - [**NTERNATIONAL SERVICIEN AND VOMEN DAY 29 JUNE 2018**](#nternational-servicien-and-vomen-day-29-june-2018) ## Summary: The police, one of the most identifiable organisations in the society were policemen are the obvious representatives of our government. In a crisis, the police station is the safest and approachable place to go. Their roles, functions and duties in the society are difficult and complex, which the police are expected to follow regulations to uphold law and order but, it includes other functions within the organisation and other service delivery nonessential roles. This research study is radical and will lead to other discussions and case studies to critical explorations of philosophical and methodological concepts and theories in a modern police society with a systematic pattern with no clear defect in logic, it will be a ground-breaking alternative to traditional policing techniques in South Africa and maybe the world. This study aims to explore service delivery by implementing technology, and the consequences of it. Technology continues to advance and changes while the SAPS is left behind, it will advance and change the gathering and use of data in the criminal justice system. With proper restraint and respect for constitutional concerns, technology in criminal justice will continue to allow crime fighters to further their ability to serve and protect their respective communities. Introduction of an essential future technology concept will see the basic policing role in basic service delivery standards increase and public trusts decrease. In 2015, an automated drone chased trespassers on its own following the intruders making sure they're on camera (Fingas, 2015). Also worth mentioning, the City of Dubai plans to have a human-free police station by 2030 for future client service. Even a brief review of the historical development of our efforts to prevent crime highlights the point that technology and technological innovation has been the driving force leading to the reform of crime prevention and crime control strategies, both by individual citizens and concerned groups, and by formal police agencies (Reichert, 2001; Chan, 2001). Future Police ${ }^{1}$ brings to light the possibility of problem-free service delivery. Research in better service delivery will impact the public and the police member together. [^0] [^0]: ${ }^{1}$ Future Police - Policing In The Near Future. Its effect is detrimental to both society, and the individuals involved. Important to note that no evidence found on implementing a strategy or research for the future of South African Police (SAPS) and the term Future Police Concept². The study is a rationale and of importance to improve the SAPS from the affidavit to crime prevention on the street. The public view of the SAPS is currently unbalanced by public figures that want to scrutinize mistakes and not solve, improvise or give solutions for bettering the police department. Freethinkers ideas are rejected by those who borrow policies from other countries in the first world. The term development, in reality, lies on a general theory on which the entire topic of improvement directed towards the financial aspects. The White Paper on Transforming Service Delivery in South Africa (Batho Pele White Paper) requires that 'citizens should be consulted with the level and quality of the public services they receive. Under the Batho Pele Principles ${ }^{3}$ communities service standards we set out and the SAPS and other key role players called to report on the status of crime and service delivery of each cluster. According to Reichard (2001), there are two general types of technological innovations that can be identified and they are information-based technologies and material-based technologies. Both types of technological innovation have been linked to dramatic changes in policing, while similar linkages can be offered to more general crime prevention strategies used by individuals and groups of residents. Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) is a statutory council dedicated to conducting human and social science research by adding knowledge to the pool of world data within the interest of improving the quality of life of individuals on the African continent and significantly of the South African people. HSRC was established in 1968 through the 'associate degree act' of parliament by the social policies of government legislation. The South African government confirmed its support for the HSRC by providing for its continuing existence support to government activity and its provisional public purpose and objectives within the new HSRC Act 17 of 2008, which replaced the 1968 Act. The objectives overarching policy on safety, crime and violence prevention that will be articulated in an easy understandable legislative and administrative framework to ease collaboration and alignment of policies on safety and security; and help create a sustainable, [^0] [^0]: ${ }^{2}$ Future Police Concepts - Developing an advanced police force of the future. 3 The Batho Pele ("People First") principles are aligned to the Constitution-know the service you're entitled to have. well-resourced implementation and oversight mechanism, that will coordinate, check, test and report on implementation of the future police concept. Increasing efforts made by police officers and forces over the world to optimize the technology in policing and remove any obstacles as old and new and existing technologies. This idea describes results of research on which technologies are currently used by police forces and other criminal investigation organizations in the Netherlands, their experiences with these technologies and their needs and preferences that differ from each country, being developed or developing. Existing development of several technologies in policing are fingerprints, DNA research, database coupling, data mining and profiling, camera surveillance and network analyses can be utilized. New technological-driven ${ }^{4}$ solutions have been developed to prevent crime and to improve the performance of the police, but we know little about how and why innovations are adopted, and the consequences, both intended and unintended of technology-driven solutions to the problem of crime. For new opportunities, the most promising technologies are Video Recording, In-Car Computers and Rapid Identification ${ }^{5}$. However, the 'Future Police' needs a 'Police Station of the Future'. This study will offer a wide range of new technological innovations that have applications in the areas of crime prevention, crime control by police in particular and developing a police station of the future. Service delivery not only has an impact on the public but also and the police member. Its effect is detrimental to both society and the individuals involved. Important to note that no evidence could be found that an impact assessment was conducted on the implementation of the strategy or research for the future of South African Police. The idea in retrospect is lived by Ms Sibongile (Ann) Molewa, she lives in the Western Cape and is 50 years old, and she speaks isiXhosa and English. Currently, she lives in Langa and the year is 2030. Ann is on her way to her local police station, its January so the weather is hot, but she knew the weather will be scorching so she brought her umbrella with her. In her hand, her identification document, and in her bag her cell phone, wallet and her original matric certificate of 1997. In the distance, she can see the police station with a large reflecting police symbol of the South African Police Service promptly presented to the community to alongside the National flag waving in the wind as the warm air blows it proudly. The small [^0] [^0]: ${ }^{4}$ Technology-driven solutions - Industry leading technology components to deliver a best in class service. ${ }^{5}$ Rapid Identification - Driver information and history are instantly accessible to officers. tranquil garden welcomes you to the police station, even the small things count. First, she has to walk past the overflowing drain that is forcing sanitation out of a leaking drain she will report it at the police station, she reminds herself to get an affidavit to confirm that's he is unemployed. This will be her first visit to Mountain Police Station but she is not worried; she knows where to go, she had visited a station in another town when she was visiting her daughter Lisa who stays in De Aar and because the station has the same layout, she will not have any difficulty. Walking across the paved walkway she sees the sliding doors opening giving her accesses into the waiting area of the police station, she walks on towards the main entrance and stops in front of the safety glass door to enter the station reception. Placing her thumb on the fingerprint scanner door opens and allows her to enter the main building. She looks around, not to look for something but smile reminded of the past station that was bleak and unpleasant to visit. First, she needs information and walks straight towards a flat screen monitor against the wall. A video image of a female police officer is displayed and says "Good day, How can the South African Police help you today. Please pick your language below" Below, on the touch screen for all official languages she selects isiXhosa because it's the language she best understands. "Usuku olungileyo, ngamapolisa aseMzantsi Afrika angakunceda njani namhlanje?" ${ }^{6}$ the displays says. Ann looks at the choices and presses a 'report' button. A second selection option opens, among the choices; report a theft, report suspicious activity or a fault about other service delivery issues. She presses on the service delivery fault button and another list displays with the service delivery departments such as water, electricity and sanitation. The functionality of the display is making it easy to work with, and she selects the Sanitation Department hassle-free, she touches the screen selecting the street address, and to confirm, she places her thumb on the scanner. The on-screen displays show a receipt and acknowledge the information has been sent to the City of Cape Town. Ann is almost done, only the certification and an affidavit that's she is unemployed. Turning to her left she sees the familiar booths and walks over and sits and inserts her Matric [^0] [^0]: ${ }^{6}$ Translated: IsiXhosa to English. "Good day, how can the South African Police help you today?" Certificate feeding it into the Automated Certification System (ACS), the ACS system verifies that its original, she places her fingerprint on the scanner to confirm that she is the visitor making documentation fraud a thing of the past. Ann looks around at the TV monitor showing police assisting the public on the street and smiles; the SAPS have evolved into and professional entity seeing the police vehicle passing people the walking on the sidewalk and facial recognition does the rest, no more wanted persons walking freely or driving dangerous vehicles. Ann laughs, on the television screen a man puts on his safety belt while driving, but it's too late the onboard camera in the police vehicle has already established he is not wearing it, the police need not stop him, the facial recognition software identified him as a 'non-wanted' and the vehicle is fully roadworthy, and licence up to date, he will get the fine in the post, it will be automatically posted tomorrow. Her attention is back to the ACS. The original is fed back to her followed by the certified copy with her thumbprint and serial number. She is nearly done now, just the unemployment affidavit. She presses Affidavit and the new window opens. The voice communicating software asks her the nature of the affidavit and she says "I am unemployed" and the ACS does the rest she by presenting her fingerprint she confirms her unemployment and the ACS advises her beforehand, that perjury is a crime and dispatches a page with a serial number and her fingerprint and happily walks out past the emergency kiosk with 'free call a friend' kiosk, but she does not need an ambulance, taxi service or to call a friend for a ride and walks out of the police station. Above her, a police drone is dispatching to an emergency reconnaissance followed by the energy saving electrical police vehicle responding, promptly and visually dominating thanks to research on lights and strobes pulsing done by Neuroscience and the effects of 'visible light spectrum' and the human reaction on viewing it. Integrating shapes that are recognisable from the subconscious. She remembers the time she was alone on the side of the road when her vehicle broke down. All alone and defenceless dialling 10111 and in minutes later a drone circled her location pinpointed to her Global Positioning System (GPS) on her phone recording and sending feedback in infrared and high definition to the operator. In the distance, she saw the police approaching like a sunrise across the valley. She thinks to herself if it was not for the Future Police Development Program (FPDP) South Africa would be stuck in the past service delivery legislature. # A. Scanning: - What was the nature of the problem? The problem in itself is not the policing function put the governing body's policies. The problems do not only involved the public but the police officers. - How was the problem identified? Through work experience and identifying a failed attempt by management to improve service delivery. - Who identified the problem? Sergeant Tinus Etsebeth of 'Governance and Policing/ Sociology' postgraduate degree application research proposal at University of the Western Cape, South Africa - How and why was this problem selected from among problems for special attention? The Feynman Algorithm - Write down the problem. Think real hard. Write down the solution. - What was the initial level of diagnosis/unit of analysis? Service delivery in a way that it is acceptable to policing bodies, government and the public. # B. Analysis: - What methods, data and information sources were used to analyze the problem? News headlines, media scrutiny new policies ideas and public negativity. - How often and for how long was it a problem? Still ongoing wherefore the research proposal of "The Future Policing Concept'. - Who was involved in the problem (offenders, victims, others) and what were their respective motivations, gains and losses? The public in the support of policing functions. Police member in loosing there pride being a police officer and to serve the public. Offender lack of respect for orders and doing so spirals a warning into a criminal offence. - What harm resulted from the problem? Police member's negativity. Public losing trust in the police. Criminals taking advantage of the problem. - How was the problem being addressed before the problem-solving project? What were the results of those responses? Failed attempts on back to basic programs, creating a rudimentary problem where the police were worried about their wellbeing and public worried about what government is doing to make service delivery better. - What did the analysis reveal about the nature and extent of the problem? It is in a spiral and spiralling out of the control. In the past the police were the mediator in solving a problem, these days the police are seen as the problem in communities where lawlessness has taken over example areas govern by gangsterism. - What did the analysis reveal about the causes and underlying conditions that precipitated the problem? The public not knowing what is within in the law - "It is a free country I can do what I want!" until you cross the line committing an offence not following a lawful instruction by a law enforcement officer. - What other information was analyzed to better understand the problem? The psychological aspect of policing directly influencing the morel of police officials. - What were the community perspectives on the problem? The community shifts its problems towards an identifiable character namely the police department. # C. Response: - What were the project goals and corresponding measurable objectives? The police officer should be given a platform to work if the public knows the right from wrong mediation can proceed better. - What range of possible response alternatives were considered to deal with the problem? Scientific research assistance, international and national collaboration with product designers. New look police development. - What, specifically, did you learn from your analysis of the problem that led to your choice of a new response to the problem? Active participation, knowledge gained by experience and justifying the correction of the problem. - What responses did you use to address the problem? Applied for research proposal - Who was involved in the response to the problem? Currently in the Planning phase as per research proposal to the University of Western Cape with Prospective role-players: Department of Police (Research), Department of Environmental Affair, University of the Western Cape, Tesla Motors, SpaceX - What factors were considered in deciding which potential responses to implement (e.g., legality, community values, potential effectiveness, cost, practicality)? Long-term environmental effects, Cost saving in spending on fuel, Community trusting the police and increase involvement. - What were resources available to address the problem? Rudimentary until approval of proposal and activation of role players. - What difficulties were encountered during response implementation? The research is time-consuming, could take between 2 - 8 years for full implantation. D. Assessment: - Were response goals and objectives achieved? Ongoing - What specific impact did the implemented responses have on the problem? Responses only calculatable after implementation - How did you measure your results? Long-term monitoring. - For how long was the effectiveness of the problem-solving effort evaluated? N/A - Who conducted the evaluation? Ongoing - University of Western Cape, Department of Police Research. - Were there problems in implementing the response plan that affected the project outcomes? Ongoing - If there was no improvement in the problem, were other systemic efforts considered to handle the problem? Ongoing - How might the response have been more effective? Considering the probable impact the response from role-players should be seen as important and early participation is essential. - Was there any evidence of displacement (i.e., shifting the problem somewhere else or to some other form of problematic behavior)? "If crime were only a personal trouble, then we could blame crime on the moral failings of individuals, and some explanations of crime do precisely this. But such an approach ignores the fact that crime is a public issue because structural factors such as inequality and the physical characteristics of communities contribute to high crime rates among certain groups." Sociology: Understanding and Changing the Social World, Chapter 7 "Deviance, Crime, and Social Control". - Was there any evidence of diffusion of benefits (i.e., that the responses had a positive effect beyond your expectations, such as that conditions also improved in nearby areas not directly targeted by the responses) Police members acknowledge the idea of making their work, easier and more publicly acceptable. - Will your response require continued monitoring or a continuing effort to maintain your results? Yes, until full implementation. 2. Agency and Officer Information: - Key Project Team Members - Project Contact Person. Include: Name Position/Rank Address City/State/Postal code Phone Email Mr Tinus (Teno) Etsebeth Sergeant South African Police Service Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA +27(0) 828-41-5120 tj.etsebeth@gmail.com # FUTURE POLICE CONCEPT IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE For Research proposal for the Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology and Anthropology (The University of Western Cape, Application: 0339178 CK Ref: DKBHDDU) ## Summary: The police, one of the most identifiable organisations in the society were policemen are the obvious representatives of our government. In a crisis, the police station is the safest and approachable place to go. Their roles, functions and duties in the society are difficult and complex, which the police are expected to follow regulations to uphold law and order but, it includes other functions within the organisation and other service delivery nonessential roles. This research study is radical and will lead to other discussions and case studies to critical explorations of philosophical and methodological concepts and theories in a modern police society with a systematic pattern with no clear defect in logic, it will be a ground-breaking alternative to traditional policing techniques in South Africa and maybe the world. This study aims to explore service delivery by implementing technology, and the consequences of it. Technology continues to advance and changes while the SAPS is left behind, it will advance and change the gathering and use of data in the criminal justice system. With proper restraint and respect for constitutional concerns, technology in criminal justice will continue to allow crime fighters to further their ability to serve and protect their respective communities. Introduction of an essential future technology concept will see the basic policing role in basic service delivery standards increase and public trusts decrease. In 2015, an automated drone chased trespassers on its own following the intruders making sure they're on camera (Fingas, 2015). Also worth mentioning, the City of Dubai plans to have a human-free police station by 2030 for future client service. Even a brief review of the historical development of our efforts to prevent crime highlights the point that technology and technological innovation has been the driving force leading to the reform of crime prevention and crime control strategies, both by individual citizens and concerned groups, and by formal police agencies (Reichert, 2001; Chan, 2001). Future Police ${ }^{1}$ brings to light the possibility of problem-free service delivery. Research in better service delivery will impact the public and the police member together. [^0] [^0]: ${ }^{1}$ Future Police - Policing In The Near Future. Its effect is detrimental to both society, and the individuals involved. Important to note that no evidence found on implementing a strategy or research for the future of South African Police (SAPS) and the term Future Police Concept². The study is a rationale and of importance to improve the SAPS from the affidavit to crime prevention on the street. The public view of the SAPS is currently unbalanced by public figures that want to scrutinize mistakes and not solve, improvise or give solutions for bettering the police department. Freethinkers ideas are rejected by those who borrow policies from other countries in the first world. The term development, in reality, lies on a general theory on which the entire topic of improvement directed towards the financial aspects. The White Paper on Transforming Service Delivery in South Africa (Batho Pele White Paper) requires that 'citizens should be consulted with the level and quality of the public services they receive. Under the Batho Pele Principles ${ }^{3}$ communities service standards we set out and the SAPS and other key role players called to report on the status of crime and service delivery of each cluster. According to Reichard (2001), there are two general types of technological innovations that can be identified and they are information-based technologies and material-based technologies. Both types of technological innovation have been linked to dramatic changes in policing, while similar linkages can be offered to more general crime prevention strategies used by individuals and groups of residents. Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) is a statutory council dedicated to conducting human and social science research by adding knowledge to the pool of world data within the interest of improving the quality of life of individuals on the African continent and significantly of the South African people. HSRC was established in 1968 through the 'associate degree act' of parliament by the social policies of government legislation. The South African government confirmed its support for the HSRC by providing for its continuing existence support to government activity and its provisional public purpose and objectives within the new HSRC Act 17 of 2008, which replaced the 1968 Act. The objectives overarching policy on safety, crime and violence prevention that will be articulated in an easy understandable legislative and administrative framework to ease collaboration and alignment of policies on safety and security; and help create a sustainable, [^0] [^0]: ${ }^{2}$ Future Police Concepts - Developing an advanced police force of the future. 3 The Batho Pele ("People First") principles are aligned to the Constitution-know the service you're entitled to have. well-resourced implementation and oversight mechanism, that will coordinate, check, test and report on implementation of the future police concept. Increasing efforts made by police officers and forces over the world to optimize the technology in policing and remove any obstacles as old and new and existing technologies. This idea describes results of research on which technologies are currently used by police forces and other criminal investigation organizations in the Netherlands, their experiences with these technologies and their needs and preferences that differ from each country, being developed or developing. Existing development of several technologies in policing are fingerprints, DNA research, database coupling, data mining and profiling, camera surveillance and network analyses can be utilized. New technological-driven ${ }^{4}$ solutions have been developed to prevent crime and to improve the performance of the police, but we know little about how and why innovations are adopted, and the consequences, both intended and unintended of technology-driven solutions to the problem of crime. For new opportunities, the most promising technologies are Video Recording, In-Car Computers and Rapid Identification ${ }^{5}$. However, the 'Future Police' needs a 'Police Station of the Future'. This study will offer a wide range of new technological innovations that have applications in the areas of crime prevention, crime control by police in particular and developing a police station of the future. Service delivery not only has an impact on the public but also and the police member. Its effect is detrimental to both society and the individuals involved. Important to note that no evidence could be found that an impact assessment was conducted on the implementation of the strategy or research for the future of South African Police. The idea in retrospect is lived by Ms Sibongile (Ann) Molewa, she lives in the Western Cape and is 50 years old, and she speaks isiXhosa and English. Currently, she lives in Langa and the year is 2030. Ann is on her way to her local police station, its January so the weather is hot, but she knew the weather will be scorching so she brought her umbrella with her. In her hand, her identification document, and in her bag her cell phone, wallet and her original matric certificate of 1997. In the distance, she can see the police station with a large reflecting police symbol of the South African Police Service promptly presented to the community to alongside the National flag waving in the wind as the warm air blows it proudly. The small [^0] [^0]: ${ }^{4}$ Technology-driven solutions - Industry leading technology components to deliver a best in class service. ${ }^{5}$ Rapid Identification - Driver information and history are instantly accessible to officers. tranquil garden welcomes you to the police station, even the small things count. First, she has to walk past the overflowing drain that is forcing sanitation out of a leaking drain she will report it at the police station, she reminds herself to get an affidavit to confirm that's he is unemployed. This will be her first visit to Mountain Police Station but she is not worried; she knows where to go, she had visited a station in another town when she was visiting her daughter Lisa who stays in De Aar and because the station has the same layout, she will not have any difficulty. Walking across the paved walkway she sees the sliding doors opening giving her accesses into the waiting area of the police station, she walks on towards the main entrance and stops in front of the safety glass door to enter the station reception. Placing her thumb on the fingerprint scanner door opens and allows her to enter the main building. She looks around, not to look for something but smile reminded of the past station that was bleak and unpleasant to visit. First, she needs information and walks straight towards a flat screen monitor against the wall. A video image of a female police officer is displayed and says "Good day, How can the South African Police help you today. Please pick your language below" Below, on the touch screen for all official languages she selects isiXhosa because it's the language she best understands. "Usuku olungileyo, ngamapolisa aseMzantsi Afrika angakunceda njani namhlanje?" ${ }^{6}$ the displays says. Ann looks at the choices and presses a 'report' button. A second selection option opens, among the choices; report a theft, report suspicious activity or a fault about other service delivery issues. She presses on the service delivery fault button and another list displays with the service delivery departments such as water, electricity and sanitation. The functionality of the display is making it easy to work with, and she selects the Sanitation Department hassle-free, she touches the screen selecting the street address, and to confirm, she places her thumb on the scanner. The on-screen displays show a receipt and acknowledge the information has been sent to the City of Cape Town. Ann is almost done, only the certification and an affidavit that's she is unemployed. Turning to her left she sees the familiar booths and walks over and sits and inserts her Matric [^0] [^0]: ${ }^{6}$ Translated: IsiXhosa to English. "Good day, how can the South African Police help you today?" Certificate feeding it into the Automated Certification System (ACS), the ACS system verifies that its original, she places her fingerprint on the scanner to confirm that she is the visitor making documentation fraud a thing of the past. Ann looks around at the TV monitor showing police assisting the public on the street and smiles; the SAPS have evolved into and professional entity seeing the police vehicle passing people the walking on the sidewalk and facial recognition does the rest, no more wanted persons walking freely or driving dangerous vehicles. Ann laughs, on the television screen a man puts on his safety belt while driving, but it's too late the onboard camera in the police vehicle has already established he is not wearing it, the police need not stop him, the facial recognition software identified him as a 'non-wanted' and the vehicle is fully roadworthy, and licence up to date, he will get the fine in the post, it will be automatically posted tomorrow. Her attention is back to the ACS. The original is fed back to her followed by the certified copy with her thumbprint and serial number. She is nearly done now, just the unemployment affidavit. She presses Affidavit and the new window opens. The voice communicating software asks her the nature of the affidavit and she says "I am unemployed" and the ACS does the rest she by presenting her fingerprint she confirms her unemployment and the ACS advises her beforehand, that perjury is a crime and dispatches a page with a serial number and her fingerprint and happily walks out past the emergency kiosk with 'free call a friend' kiosk, but she does not need an ambulance, taxi service or to call a friend for a ride and walks out of the police station. Above her, a police drone is dispatching to an emergency reconnaissance followed by the energy saving electrical police vehicle responding, promptly and visually dominating thanks to research on lights and strobes pulsing done by Neuroscience and the effects of 'visible light spectrum' and the human reaction on viewing it. Integrating shapes that are recognisable from the subconscious. She remembers the time she was alone on the side of the road when her vehicle broke down. All alone and defenceless dialling 10111 and in minutes later a drone circled her location pinpointed to her Global Positioning System (GPS) on her phone recording and sending feedback in infrared and high definition to the operator. In the distance, she saw the police approaching like a sunrise across the valley. She thinks to herself if it was not for the Future Police Development Program (FPDP) South Africa would be stuck in the past service delivery legislature. # A. Scanning: - What was the nature of the problem? The problem in itself is not the policing function put the governing body's policies. The problems do not only involved the public but the police officers. - How was the problem identified? Through work experience and identifying a failed attempt by management to improve service delivery. - Who identified the problem? Sergeant Tinus Etsebeth of 'Governance and Policing/ Sociology' postgraduate degree application research proposal at University of the Western Cape, South Africa - How and why was this problem selected from among problems for special attention? The Feynman Algorithm - Write down the problem. Think real hard. Write down the solution. - What was the initial level of diagnosis/unit of analysis? Service delivery in a way that it is acceptable to policing bodies, government and the public. # B. Analysis: - What methods, data and information sources were used to analyze the problem? News headlines, media scrutiny new policies ideas and public negativity. - How often and for how long was it a problem? Still ongoing wherefore the research proposal of "The Future Policing Concept'. - Who was involved in the problem (offenders, victims, others) and what were their respective motivations, gains and losses? The public in the support of policing functions. Police member in loosing there pride being a police officer and to serve the public. Offender lack of respect for orders and doing so spirals a warning into a criminal offence. - What harm resulted from the problem? Police member's negativity. Public losing trust in the police. Criminals taking advantage of the problem. - How was the problem being addressed before the problem-solving project? What were the results of those responses? Failed attempts on back to basic programs, creating a rudimentary problem where the police were worried about their wellbeing and public worried about what government is doing to make service delivery better. - What did the analysis reveal about the nature and extent of the problem? It is in a spiral and spiralling out of the control. In the past the police were the mediator in solving a problem, these days the police are seen as the problem in communities where lawlessness has taken over example areas govern by gangsterism. - What did the analysis reveal about the causes and underlying conditions that precipitated the problem? The public not knowing what is within in the law - "It is a free country I can do what I want!" until you cross the line committing an offence not following a lawful instruction by a law enforcement officer. - What other information was analyzed to better understand the problem? The psychological aspect of policing directly influencing the morel of police officials. - What were the community perspectives on the problem? The community shifts its problems towards an identifiable character namely the police department. # C. Response: - What were the project goals and corresponding measurable objectives? The police officer should be given a platform to work if the public knows the right from wrong mediation can proceed better. - What range of possible response alternatives were considered to deal with the problem? Scientific research assistance, international and national collaboration with product designers. New look police development. - What, specifically, did you learn from your analysis of the problem that led to your choice of a new response to the problem? Active participation, knowledge gained by experience and justifying the correction of the problem. - What responses did you use to address the problem? Applied for research proposal - Who was involved in the response to the problem? Currently in the Planning phase as per research proposal to the University of Western Cape with Prospective role-players: Department of Police (Research), Department of Environmental Affair, University of the Western Cape, Tesla Motors, SpaceX - What factors were considered in deciding which potential responses to implement (e.g., legality, community values, potential effectiveness, cost, practicality)? Long-term environmental effects, Cost saving in spending on fuel, Community trusting the police and increase involvement. - What were resources available to address the problem? Rudimentary until approval of proposal and activation of role players. - What difficulties were encountered during response implementation? The research is time-consuming, could take between 2 - 8 years for full implantation. D. Assessment: - Were response goals and objectives achieved? Ongoing - What specific impact did the implemented responses have on the problem? Responses only calculatable after implementation - How did you measure your results? Long-term monitoring. - For how long was the effectiveness of the problem-solving effort evaluated? N/A - Who conducted the evaluation? Ongoing - University of Western Cape, Department of Police Research. - Were there problems in implementing the response plan that affected the project outcomes? Ongoing - If there was no improvement in the problem, were other systemic efforts considered to handle the problem? Ongoing - How might the response have been more effective? Considering the probable impact the response from role-players should be seen as important and early participation is essential. - Was there any evidence of displacement (i.e., shifting the problem somewhere else or to some other form of problematic behavior)? "If crime were only a personal trouble, then we could blame crime on the moral failings of individuals, and some explanations of crime do precisely this. But such an approach ignores the fact that crime is a public issue because structural factors such as inequality and the physical characteristics of communities contribute to high crime rates among certain groups." Sociology: Understanding and Changing the Social World, Chapter 7 "Deviance, Crime, and Social Control". - Was there any evidence of diffusion of benefits (i.e., that the responses had a positive effect beyond your expectations, such as that conditions also improved in nearby areas not directly targeted by the responses) Police members acknowledge the idea of making their work, easier and more publicly acceptable. - Will your response require continued monitoring or a continuing effort to maintain your results? Yes, until full implementation. 2. Agency and Officer Information: - Key Project Team Members - Project Contact Person. Include: Name Position/Rank Address City/State/Postal code Phone Email Mr Tinus (Teno) Etsebeth Sergeant South African Police Service Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA +27(0) 828-41-5120 tj.etsebeth@gmail.com # FUTURE POLICE CONCEPT IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE Tinus Etsebeth For Research proposal for the Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology and Anthropology In the ## THE DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT At the UNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE Study leader: Date of submission (First Draft - 24 January 2018) (Edited Second Draft - 08 February 2018) # TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..... 3 2 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS RESEARCH PROPOSAL ..... 5 3 ABSTRACT ..... 6 4 BACKGROUND TO STUDY ..... 8 4.1 Cabinet Memorandum 14 of 2001 ..... 9 4.2 The Human Sciences Research Council Act, Act 17 of 2008 ..... 10 4.3 The International Information Security Standard ISO/IEC 27001:2013 ..... 10 4.4 Scientific Research Council Act No. 46 Of 1988 ..... 10 4.5 Security Sector Reform ..... 10 4.6 Civilian Secretariat for Police Service Act, 2011 (Act No. 2 of 2011) ..... 11 5 SAPS RESEARCH AGENDA 2016-2020 RESEARCH COLLOQUIUM ..... 11 5.1 Purpose for SAPS Division: Research ..... 11 5.2 Purpose for SAPS Research Agenda 2016-2020 ..... 11 5.3 Research Priority Area ..... 11 5.3.1 Supporting service delivery ..... 11 5.3.2 Better service delivery system ..... 12 5.3.3 Reclassifying moral SAPS sub-system ..... 12 5.3.4 Recognizable proof and investigation of holes in current framework ..... 12 6 PROBLEM STATEMENT ..... 12 7 PARADIGMATIC PERSPECTIVE ..... 13 7.1 Meta-theoretic assumptions ..... 13 7.2 Theoretic assumptions ..... 14 7.3 Methodological assumptions ..... 14 8 RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES ..... 14 8.1 Research aim ..... 14 8.2 Research Questions ..... 15 8.3 Research Objectives ..... 15 8.4 Study design ..... 16 9 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ..... 16 9.1 Study Context ..... 16 9.2 Population and sampling ..... 16 9.2.1 Population ..... 17 9.2.2 Sampling ..... 17 9.2.2.1 Inclusion criteria ..... 19 9.2.2.2 Exclusion criteria ..... 19 9.3 Recruitment of participants ..... 19 9.4 Process of obtaining informed consent ..... 19 9.5 Data collection ..... 19 9.5.1 Data collection tool ..... 19 9.5.2 Development of data collection tool ..... 20 10 RIGOUR / VALIDITY \& RELIABILITY ..... 20 11 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ..... 20 11.1 Permission and informed consent ..... 20 11.2 Anonymity ..... 21 11.3 Confidentiality ..... 21 12 TIME IN RESEARCH ..... 21 13 PHILOSOPHY OF RESEARCH ..... 21 14 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..... 21 15 REFERENCES ..... 24 # 1 Introduction The police, one of the most identifiable organisations in the society were policemen are the obvious representatives of our government. In a crisis, the police station is the safest and approachable place to go. Their roles, functions and duties in the society are difficult and complex, which the police are expected to follow regulations to uphold law and order but, it includes other functions within the organisation and other service delivery nonessential roles. This research study is radical and will lead to other discussions and case studies to critical explorations of philosophical and methodological concepts and theories in a modern police society with a systematic pattern with no clear defect in logic, it will be a ground-breaking alternative to traditional policing techniques in South Africa and maybe the world. This study aims to explore service delivery by implementing technology, and the consequences of it. Technology continues to advance and changes while the SAPS is left behind, it will advance and change the gathering and use of data in the criminal justice system. With proper restraint and respect for constitutional concerns, technology in criminal justice will continue to allow crime fighters to further their ability to serve and protect their respective communities. Introduction of an essential future technology concept will see the basic policing role in basic service delivery standards increase and public trusts decrease. In 2015, an automated drone chased trespassers on its own following the intruders making sure they're on camera (Fingas, 2015). Also worth mentioning, the City of Dubai plans to have a human-free police station by 2030 for future client service. Even a brief review of the historical development of our efforts to prevent crime highlights the point that technology and technological innovation has been the driving force leading to the reform of crime prevention and crime control strategies, both by individual citizens and concerned groups, and by formal police agencies (Reichert, 2001; Chan, 2001). Future Police ${ }^{1}$ brings to light the possibility of problem-free service delivery. Research in better service delivery will impact the public and the police member together. Its effect is detrimental to both society, and the individuals involved. Important to note that no evidence found on implementing a strategy or research for the future of South African Police (SAPS) and the term Future Police Concept². [^0] [^0]: ${ }^{1}$ Future Police - Policing In The Near Future. ${ }^{2}$ Future Police Concepts - Developing an advanced police force of the future. The study is a rationale and of importance to improve the SAPS from the affidavit to crime prevention on the street. The public view of the SAPS is currently unbalanced by public figures that want to scrutinize mistakes and not solve, improvise or give solutions for bettering the police department. Freethinkers ideas are rejected by those who borrow policies from other countries in the first world. The term development, in reality, lies on a general theory on which the entire topic of improvement directed towards the financial aspects. The White Paper on Transforming Service Delivery in South Africa (Batho Pele White Paper) requires that 'citizens should be consulted with the level and quality of the public services they receive. Under the Batho Pele Principles ${ }^{3}$ communities service standards we set out and the SAPS and other key role players called to report on the status of crime and service delivery of each cluster. According to Reichard (2001), there are two general types of technological innovations that can be identified and they are information-based technologies and material-based technologies. Both types of technological innovation have been linked to dramatic changes in policing, while similar linkages can be offered to more general crime prevention strategies used by individuals and groups of residents. Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) is a statutory council dedicated to conducting human and social science research by adding knowledge to the pool of world data within the interest of improving the quality of life of individuals on the African continent and significantly of the South African people. HSRC was established in 1968 through the 'associate degree act' of parliament by the social policies of government legislation. The South African government confirmed its support for the HSRC by providing for its continuing existence support to government activity and its provisional public purpose and objectives within the new HSRC Act 17 of 2008, which replaced the 1968 Act. The objectives overarching policy on safety, crime and violence prevention that will be articulated in an easy understandable legislative and administrative framework to ease collaboration and alignment of policies on safety and security; and help create a sustainable, wellresourced implementation and oversight mechanism, that will coordinate, check, test and report on implementation of the future police concept. Increasing efforts made by police officers and forces over the world to optimize the technology in policing and remove any obstacles as old and new and existing technologies. [^0] [^0]: ${ }^{3}$ The Batho Pele ("People First") principles are aligned to the Constitution-know the service you're entitled to have. This idea describes results of research on which technologies are currently used by police forces and other criminal investigation organizations in the Netherlands, their experiences with these technologies and their needs and preferences that differ from each country, being developed or developing. Existing development of several technologies in policing are fingerprints, DNA research, database coupling, data mining and profiling, camera surveillance and network analyses can be utilized. New technological-driven ${ }^{4}$ solutions have been developed to prevent crime and to improve the performance of the police, but we know little about how and why innovations are adopted, and the consequences, both intended and unintended of technology-driven solutions to the problem of crime. For new opportunities, the most promising technologies are Video Recording, In-Car Computers and Rapid Identification ${ }^{5}$. However, the 'Future Police' needs a 'Police Station of the Future'. This study will offer a wide range of new technological innovations that have applications in the areas of crime prevention, crime control by police in particular and developing a police station of the future. Under National Treasury Regulations Chapter 5, Section 30, a Schedule 3A body must table a new or revised strategic plan annually. The revision of NRF Strategy 2020 was developed by the management of the National Research Foundation (NRF) under the guidance of the NRF Board and the Department of Science and Technology (DST). The strategy takes into account all the relevant policies, legislation and other mandates for which the NRF is responsible. It correctly reflects the strategic outcome-oriented ideas which the NRF will try to achieve over the period 1 April 2015 to March 2020. # 2 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS RESEARCH PROPOSAL ACS Automated Certification System CAS Crime Administration System CSC Community Service Centre DST Department of Science and Technology DPSA Department of Public Service and Administration ERM Enterprise Risk Management [^0] [^0]: ${ }^{4}$ Technology-driven solutions - Industry leading technology components to deliver a best in class service. ${ }^{5}$ Rapid Identification - Driver information and history are instantly accessible to officers. ECT Electronic Communication and Transactions Act | GERD | Gross Domestic Expenditures on Research and Development | | :-- | :-- | | GPS | Global Positioning System | | HSRC | The Human Sciences Research Council | | SA | South Africa | | SAPS | South African Police Service | | SDIP | Service Delivery Improvement Programme | | SITA | State Information Technology Agency | | SO | Standing Orders | | STATS SA | Statistics South Africa | | SSR | Security Sector Reform | | NRF | The National Research Foundation | | MoA | Memo of Agreement | | THRR | The Theoretical Human Resource Requirement | | POLCoE | Policing Center of Excellence | | POLBoK | Policing Body of Knowledge | | PIS | Participant Information Sheet | | UWC | University of the Western Cape | # 3 Abstract Service delivery not only has an impact on the public but also and the police member. Its effect is detrimental to both society and the individuals involved. Important to note that no evidence could be found that an impact assessment was conducted on the implementation of the strategy or research for the future of South African Police. The idea in retrospect is lived by Ms Sibongile (Ann) Molewa, she lives in the Western Cape and is 50 years old, and she speaks isiXhosa and English. Currently, she lives in Langa and the year is 2030. Ann is on her way to her local police station, its January so the weather is hot, but she knew the weather will be scorching so she brought her umbrella with her. In her hand, her identification document, and in her bag her cell phone, wallet and her original matric certificate of 1997. In the distance, she can see the police station with a large reflecting police symbol of the South African Police Service promptly presented to the community to alongside the National flag waving in the wind as the warm air blows it proudly. The small tranquil garden welcomes you to the police station, even the small things count. First, she has to walk past the overflowing drain that is forcing sanitation out of a leaking drain she will report it at the police station, she reminds herself to get an affidavit to confirm that's he is unemployed. This will be her first visit to Mountain Police Station but she is not worried; she knows where to go, she had visited a station in another town when she was visiting her daughter Lisa who stays in De Aar and because the station has the same layout, she will not have any difficulty. Walking across the paved walkway she sees the sliding doors opening giving her accesses into the waiting area of the police station, she walks on towards the main entrance and stops in front of the safety glass door to enter the station reception. Placing her thumb on the fingerprint scanner door opens and allows her to enter the main building. She looks around, not to look for something but smile reminded of the past station that was bleak and unpleasant to visit. First, she needs information and walks straight towards a flat screen monitor against the wall. A video image of a female police officer is displayed and says "Good day, How can the South African Police help you today. Please pick your language below" Below, on the touch screen for all official languages she selects isiXhosa because it's the language she best understands. "Usuku olungileyo, ngamapolisa aseMzantsi Afrika angakunceda njani namhlanje?"6 the displays says. Ann looks at the choices and presses a 'report' button. A second selection option opens, among the choices; report a theft, report suspicious activity or a fault about other service delivery issues. She presses on the service delivery fault button and another list displays with the service delivery departments such as water, electricity and sanitation. The functionality of the display is making it easy to work with, and she selects the Sanitation Department hassle-free, she touches the screen selecting the street address, and to confirm, she places her thumb on the scanner. The on-screen displays show a receipt and acknowledge the information has been sent to the City of Cape Town. Ann is almost done, only the certification and an affidavit that's she is unemployed. Turning to her left she sees the familiar booths and walks over and sits and inserts her Matric Certificate feeding it into the Automated Certification System (ACS), the ACS system verifies that its original, she places her fingerprint on the scanner to confirm that she is the visitor making documentation fraud a thing of the past. Ann looks around at the TV monitor showing police assisting the public on the street and smiles; the SAPS have evolved into and professional entity seeing the police vehicle passing people the [^0] [^0]: ${ }^{6}$ Translated: IsiXhosa to English. "Good day, how can the South African police help you today?" walking on the sidewalk and facial recognition does the rest, no more wanted persons walking freely or driving dangerous vehicles. Ann laughs, on the television screen a man puts on his safety belt while driving, but it's too late the onboard camera in the police vehicle has already established he is not wearing it, the police need not stop him, the facial recognition software identified him as a 'non-wanted' and the vehicle is fully roadworthy, and licence up to date, he will get the fine in the post, it will be automatically posted tomorrow. Her attention is back to the ACS. The original is fed back to her followed by the certified copy with her thumbprint and serial number. She is nearly done now, just the unemployment affidavit. She presses Affidavit and the new window opens. The voice communicating software asks her the nature of the affidavit and she says "I am unemployed" and the ACS does the rest she by presenting her fingerprint she confirms her unemployment and the ACS advises her beforehand, that perjury is a crime and dispatches a page with a serial number and her fingerprint and happily walks out past the emergency kiosk with 'free call a friend' kiosk, but she does not need an ambulance, taxi service or to call a friend for a ride and walks out of the police station. Above her, a police drone is dispatching to an emergency reconnaissance followed by the energy saving electrical police vehicle responding, promptly and visually dominating thanks to research on lights and strobes pulsing done by Neuroscience and the effects of 'visible light spectrum' and the human reaction on viewing it. She remembers the time she was alone on the side of the road when her vehicle broke down. All alone and defenceless dialling 10111 and in minutes later a drone circled her location pinpointed to her Global Positioning System (GPS) on her phone recording and sending feedback in infrared and high definition to the operator. In the distance, she saw the police approaching like a sunrise across the valley. She thinks to herself if it was not for the Future Police Development Program (FPDP) South Africa would be stuck in the past service delivery legislature. # 4 Background to study Present day innovation is a fundamental part of any individuals' life. The primary duty of a police officer is to protect people and property. To carry out this task, police officers carry out specific duties, which differ depending on the size of their law enforcement organization. The population has the freedom to ask guidance and approach the police station for a safe and secure environment. It is for the police to help everywhere possible and the police station is where it has to start, the heart of the community. Police stations are a place of sanctuary for almost everyone. Whether it's to complain about strange sounds outside your home or certifying your ID, your local police station is the where to go. As a portal for public safety, the police station is essential to effective police services. Yet recent demands to reduce operational costs are immediately influencing the police force. While police station management is represented by the front desk and the "customer service" aspects of serving the public and the issues around information, assets and people management to consider. If police forces are accountable and citizen-focused, they will depend on sound informationsharing and collaborative practices. Currently, police stations handle their day-to-day demands while offering a cost-effective service to the public with technology restrictions. Police forces everywhere are being reminded of the need to be more efficient. Considering the complexity of police operations, police management could be forgiven for wondering where to start. Combining police operations or reducing the number of officers may discuss short-term cost reductions, but these measures often lead to frustration for citizens. By addressing station management, the police forces have an opportunity to both reduce costs and improve the citizen experience. According to Accenture's(2017) research, 75 percent of the processes required to track and respond to crimes are the same; streamlining such key processes means police stations can stand to gain between 20 and 30 percent of efficiencies that can help to release extra capital for generic police operations. Police forces must consider new ways to handle their station operations. Managing information to deliver improved investigative outcomes or using innovative technologies, processes and insights to enhance performance is lacking, the police need to discuss station management in its entirety to keep citizens' confidence. The citizen will experience innovation and correction by changing the focus of the front offices and improving factors when developing and future police concept police station. Today more focus is on the increase of manpower, than the development of technology for police vehicles, and the police station itself. # 4.1 Cabinet Memorandum 14 of 2001 Cabinet memoranda 14 of 2001, memo of Agreement (MoA) between Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) ended in 2004. The Department of Science and Technology (DST) has a mandate for the statistical production that covers Research and Development, Innovation, Human Resources in science and technology and related human quality knowledge as a part of the national indicator system. We need a supply of reliable and consistent data that is essential for policy development and implementation for a developing country like South Africa. # 4.2 The Human Sciences Research Council Act, Act 17 of 2008 Preamble to the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) Act refers to the necessity to promote the human science research of the highest quality in Republic of South Africa, the necessity for South African researchers in the human sciences is to collaborate with their counterparts elsewhere in Africa and also the rest of the world, the necessity for research to help improve the understanding of social conditions and by doing so the processes of social modification, and the need for programmes of research to demanding social problems relevant to human welfare and prosperity. ### 4.3 The International Information Security Standard ISO/IEC 27001:2013 An international standard that describes best practice for an ISMS (Information Security Management System) is to achieve accredited certification to ISO 27001. South African Police Service is following information security best practice and provides an independent, expert verification that information security in line with international best practice and business objectives. ### 4.4 Scientific Research Council Act No. 46 Of 1988 The objects of the Scientific Research Council are is to directed disciplinary research and technological innovation towards the national interest and in fields which in its opinion should obtain preference and scientific development, either by itself or In co-operation with principals from the private or public sectors to the improvement of the quality of life for the people of the Republic ### 4.5 Security Sector Reform Security Sector Reform (SSR) refers to the process by which countries formulate or re-orient the policies, structures, and capacities of institutions and groups engaged in the security sector, to make them more effective, efficient, and responsive to the security and justice needs of the people. This policy takes note that the Security Sector Reform is sometimes named as the security sector governance, security sector transformation, security sector development, security sector review and security and justice reform. # 4.6 Civilian Secretariat for Police Service Act, 2011 (Act No. 2 of 2011) Details research conducted or being conducted into policing and crime prevention related matters; reports on policies drafted and policy advice prepared. The extent to which policies have been approved and shaped the content of legislation must be reported accordingly. ## 5 SAPS RESEARCH AGENDA 2016-2020 RESEARCH COLLOQUIUM ### 5.1 Purpose for SAPS Division: Research The purpose is to coordinating and incorporating research by, for and about the SAPS and influencing the South African policing motivation towards a typical vision. By doing so it supports learning trade amongst analysts and experts. Improving the investigation will confirm a base for policing strategy and practice. Reason for SAPS Division Research is to implement the SAPS archive for Policing Knowledge Management Practice to the structure, improve learning on the Policing Body of Knowledge (POLBoK) and Policing Center of Excellence (POLCoE). ### 5.2 Purpose for SAPS Research Agenda 2016-2020 One of the key needs for SAPS 2016-2017 was to build up the Research Agenda for the SAPS. The reason for SAPS Research Agenda is to aid and distinguish those regions that need new logical learning in the medium and longer term. Support and brand new information and strategies that will bolster the departmental projects; operational vital needs and hierarchical help needs outline a plan to control the SAPS examine work through the following five years to help examine the foundations, people and free analysts to see how they can contribute towards the improved Policing Body of Knowledge (PolBok) and find their part in the greater research picture in policing in the South African setting. ### 5.3 Research Priority Area ### 5.3.1 Supporting service delivery Assessment of viability of the Theoretical Human Resource Requirement (THRR) for assurance of asset part in police headquarters and change of it for better outcomes that will propel help transference. Assessment of the SAPS connections and organizations with different partners and propose how the SAPS existing connections and associations with different partners can be best used. Appraisal of use of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is to help the police. # 5.3.2 Better service delivery system Assessment of successful execution of Service Delivery Improvement Program (SDIP) and advancement of observing and assessment method of usage of SDIP in practice. Estimation of consumer loyalty on the administrations of the SAPS and advancement of a model of building trust and adequacy by group confidence and its effect on the nature of administration conveyance and appropriation ways to deal with support SAPS individuals' resolve. ### 5.3.3 Reclassifying moral SAPS sub-system Culture and refurbishing society of uprightness in SAPS and documentation of SAPS sub-culture is to the reclamation of strain the in the SAPS and advancement of a method that will upgrade programs in the SAPS. Examination of underlying problems and common cases and its effect and advancement of coordinated arrangement to lessen common cases. Terminating abuse inside the administration and improvement of against debasement system and join it into policing model to discuss defilement in law authorization. ### 5.3.4 Recognizable proof and investigation of holes in current framework Valuation of misconduct and survey current transgression is a counteractive action methodology. The charge of social transgression aversion and improvement of the technique for social crime is counteractive action. Calculation of group policing and audit of the group policing practice. ## 6 PROBLEM STATEMENT As innovation pushes forward it is imperative that instructors and technicians make assets accessible and organize to safeguard subjective improvement of understudies in the mix with these assets. The imaginative procedure, a critical ability can be achieved, the Feynman Algorithm ${ }^{7}$ comes to mind. Discovering designs and distinguishing patterns in a person's states of mind, and the use of innovation in the inventive procedure can aid the arranging of instructive projects and the consequent powerful use of visual interchanges innovation. Various mental, specialized and authentic works referring to significant related themes and discoveries that might improve the focus. However, the development and implementation of innovation in the police are changing the customary imaginative process but if not research and correctly implemented it will be a fruitless expenditure. [^0] [^0]: ${ }^{7}$ Feynman Algorithm - Write down the problem. Think real hard. Write down the solution. By pursuing this research the individual will embrace a sociological hypothetical establishment that will distinguish examples of structuring and workability of such technically advance policing concepts that are needed today. Secondary issues might just be the result of restrictions system and related improvement of using visual advances in technological innovation. It has the potential to dramatically improve both the efficiency and the efficiency of the criminal justice system, but it also has the potential to divert critical resources away from more traditional crime prevention and police strategies that will make South Africa safer. Recent changes in the technology in the area of information technology in particular improvement of services rendered. Important to consider new technology developed to support crime prevention generally and crime control by the police, because focusing on innovations in only one area, we would likely miss the values of technology for individuals and groups interested in alternative crime prevention strategies currently this South Africa's mainstream systems of development. Any modern society needs police who can use technology but many other reasons to embrace technology in the areas of crime prevention and the police, including the potential for increased efficiency and effectiveness. Information technology increases our ability to store and process large volumes of data. Thus improving intelligence and investigative capabilities, and providing ready access to criminal records and other kinds of relevant data (Reichert, 2001: 1). # 7 PARADIGMATIC PERSPECTIVE The 'Future Police Concept' a study of this nature requires a paradigmatic perspective and a collection of logically linked concepts and propositions that provide a theoretical perspective and orientation that tends to guide the research approach to a specific direction and in this study reduce the scrutiny of policing and service delivery. ### 7.1 Meta-theoretic assumptions The 'Future Police Concept' makes use of axiology assumptions about the values that decide the worth of the research and how government should contribute to society's improvement in service delivery. # 7.2 Theoretic assumptions 'Future Police Concept' theories are formulated to explain and to challenge and extend existing policies within the limits of critical bounding assumptions. The theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory that explains why the research problem under study exists indicted by research questions. ### 7.3 Methodological assumptions Methodological assumptions consist of the assumptions made by the researcher regarding the methods used in the process of qualitative research (Creswell 2003). The procedures used by the researcher are directional and are based on the researcher's own experience in collecting and analysing data. By understanding critical thinking the ideas are clear and with sound reasoning, a medical doctor can write an article and conduct research a medical issue the same goes for a police officer he has the knowledge and experience, not a person with unrelated experience will have a larger degree of failure, but he can give his option through a survey or give a suggestion. ## 8 RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES This research aims to show the desired outcome needed to improve service delivery or the general intentions of the research. ### 8.1 Research aim The police have been powerless to the disorder, setting more accentuation in their change actions on suggestion and working strategies than on the substantive result of their work. This form has been encouraged by the expert development inside the police field, with its focus on the staffing, administration, and association of the police organizations. An ever-increasing number of people in the management of police structure will empower the police members to reduce the issued stress, the largest risk factor in policing. On the off chance that the police are to accept a more remarkable idea to enhance their operations. When the research is complete, it can be used as a tool for development of the police structure and will be beneficial to the Future Police Concept around the world. The government will expand, equip and modernize the policing to make sure that every South African is safe. Measures will be put in place to support community policing and invest in new technology such as modernised Community Service Centre in the 'Future Police Station Concept', also vehicles that are better and cost-effective and uniforms and equipment that will bring the pride back in the service where 'Back to Basics'8 program wobbles-on. The government has identified security as one of its key priorities. (Zuma outlines five key priorities in Sona, 2014) This strategic plan serves as a link between the national government aspirations for development as articulated a 'Future Police' blueprint, and the necessity for security. # 8.2 Research Questions Considering the problem statement, the study attempted to find answers to the following questions: - What is the meaning of Future Police Concept SAPS Strategic Plan and crime prevention and service delivery? - What financial issues are drawbacks for effective implementation of SAPS Strategic Plan for Future Police Concept SAPS Strategic Plan for crime prevention and service delivery? - What recommendations that may add value for effective implementation of SAPS Strategic Plan for Future Police Concept SAPS Strategic Plan and crime prevention and service delivery? ### 8.3 Research Objectives The following were outlined as objectives for the study: - To give a theoretical exposition meaning of Future Police Concept SAPS Strategic Plan and crime prevention and service delivery? - To explore the possible outcomes to reduce financial risk comparisons solving of the financial issues is drawbacks for effective implementation of SAPS Strategic Plan for Future Police Concept for SAPS Strategic Plan and crime prevention and service delivery? - To offer recommendations for effective implementation of SAPS Strategic Plan for Future Police Concept SAPS Strategic Plan and crime prevention and service delivery be it financial? [^0] [^0]: ${ }^{8}$ Back to Basics - The South African Police Service (SAPS) approach to policing in a bid to ensure that all people in the country are safe # 8.4 Study design Using a non-analytic or descriptive study does not quantify the relationship but tries to give us a picture of what is happening in the Police, e.g., the prevalence, job satisfaction, or understanding of what is needed. Descriptive studies include case reports, qualitative studies and surveys studies, which measure the frequency of several factors, and hence the size of the problem. They may sometimes also include analytic work comparing the factors and is the research liable for implementation. In short, this study will benefit everyone. ## 9 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The exploratory research proposal will discuss research methodology in more details. Babbie \& Mouton defined a research methodology as the approaches, techniques, and actions that are implementing the research design or research plan, and the underlying principles and assumptions that underlie their use (2001:647). Research method refers to how one plans to study a particular phenomenon (Punch, 2005). It is important to outline the method of a study as it will help the reader gain confidence in the techniques that will be used (De Vos, Strydom, Fouche and Delport, 2005). ### 9.1 Study Context A research design is defined as a blueprint or a detailed plan for how a research study is to be conducted" (De Vos and Fouché, cited in De Vos et al., 1998:77). Durrheim (2002) argue that a research design ensures that the study fulfils a particular purpose and that the research can be completed with available resources. A research design is based on the plans, structures and strategies of investigations that seek to get answers from research questions. The purpose of a research design is to provide guidelines for the researcher, about data collection and analysis (Terre Blanche \& Durrheim, 2002; Creswell, 1998). ### 9.2 Population and sampling Sampling was defined as limits for data collection as impossible and impractical to collect data about the whole population under study (Babbie and Mouton, 2001). Further, Terre Blanche and Durrheim define sampling as the process used to select cases to include in a research study (2002: 274). # 9.2.1 Population When considering the ratio of police to the South African population the concept of electronic provision becomes an option that must be investigated and used to achieve objectives of the strategic plan of the SAPS is to give an accountable and effective services, a high quality and accessible information must be available. The operational strategic priority is set to improve the basic service delivery to all communities by implementing the SAPS Service Delivery Improvement Programme (SDIP). In terms of the Public Service Regulations, the SAPS must carry out such a programme, called National Order 1/2000, an analysis must be done at the police station to determine the situation, to find best practices to strive for the situation where it should be .This would include an analysis of the Community Service Centre (CSC) to name services that could be improved. In particular, the SDIP is based on the principles that the persons to which services are rendered must be consulted, and that services must be provided in an effective and efficient manner that provides the best possible way. The SDIP program can extensively use Information Technology such as the electronic acceptance of payments, but must not limit to this area. One officer can only serve one person at a time, the technology could carry the burden of service delivery delays. ### 9.2.2 Sampling The research will make use of judgment sampling. Thietart (2001:148) refers to judgment sampling composed of personal judgment. When using this sampling method, elements are selected according to precise criteria established by the researcher. Thietart (2001:151) is the view that judgment sampling is common when conducting organization research. Sampling was defined as limits for data collection as it is impossible and impractical to collect data about the whole population under study (Babbie and Mouton, 2001). Further, Terre Blanche and Durrheim define sampling as the process used to select cases to include in a research study (2002: 274). Thus, the focus will include multiple vehicle manufactures in SA and International and don't settle on only one sampling agenda. Sampling will be done by contacting Ford Ecoboost, Golf Bluemotion and Tesla Motor Group will contacted regarding this research in information for a localised assembly line and police vehicle conversion in the environment-friendly protocol development. The main role-players, University of Western Cape, Department of Science and Technology and Department of Environmental Affairs will be a key part in the progress of this research and success of it. The potential organisations will be contacted and the respect proposal outline given to them. Mixed methods research is both a method and methodology for showing research that involves collecting, analysing, and integrating quantitative and qualitative research. The quantitative and qualitative approaches will help to find their strengths and weaknesses and how their different approaches can complement each other. Many researchers recognize that each approach has positive attributes and that combining different methods can cause gaining the best of both research worlds. For instance, quantitative research uses methods adopted from the physical sciences that are designed to make sure that it is conducted objectivity, generalizability and reliable information. The strengths of the quantitative design are that its methods produce quantifiable, reliable data that are usually generalizable to some larger population. Quantitative measures are often most appropriate for conducting a needs assessment and for evaluations comparing outcomes with baseline data. This design will break down when the phenomenon under study is difficult to measure or quantify. The greatest weakness of the quantitative approach is that it ignores human behaviour in a way that removes the event from its real-world setting and ignores the effects of variables that have not been included in the model. Then qualitative research methodologies are designed to provide the researcher with the perspective of target audience members through direct interaction with the people under study. Qualitative methods used in policing studies can include observations and focus groups. These methods are designed to help researchers understand the meanings people assign to social singularities and to pull out the psychological processes underlying behaviours. Hypotheses are generated during data collection and analysis, and measurement is particular. In the qualitative approach. The researcher becomes the instrument of data grouping, and results may vary greatly depending upon who conducts the research. The advantage of using qualitative methods is that they generate rich, detailed data that leave the participants' perspectives intact. The focus upon processes and reasons why differs from that of quantitative research, which addresses correlations between variables. A disadvantage is that data collection and analysis may be labour-intensive and time-consuming. Because many ways in which a method can be used to create qualitative or quantitative data, all instrumentation and specific methodologies are grouped together and are not divided by qualitative or quantitative. Each method will be discussed; but, it will be up to you, as the researcher, to decide on the type of data you would like to produce. Mixed methodology, of both approaches, sometimes is the best approach of all and have a high susses rate. # 9.2.2.1 Inclusion criteria Negative results are an important building block for science, are commonly banned from publication. However, an abundance of negative results with a positive outcome that deserves to be published a new hypothesis to rise. In this research, the financial implications should know and introduced. ### 9.2.2.2 Exclusion criteria No relevant data will be excluded unless so stipulated by the companies contacted. ### 9.3 Recruitment of participants Locating potential organisation that will contribute local and internationally via email. ### 9.4 Process of obtaining informed consent All individuals asked to consider taking part in research should be given the maximum amount of information about the research, presented in terms and in a form that they can understand. This must include the Participant Information Sheet (PIS) approved by a Research Ethics Committee of University of the Western Cape (UWC). A potential participant should be invited and encouraged to ask questions about the research, which should be answered to the best ability of the person obtaining consent. If more information is needed to answer questions, then this should be obtained before completion of the consent process. ### 9.5 Data collection ### 9.5.1 Data collection tool Information gathered through the tools provides descriptions of characteristics of individuals, institutions or other phenomena under study. It is useful for measuring the various variables in the study. The variables and their interrelationships are analysed for testing the hypothesis or for exploring the content areas set by the research objectives reaching the credible improvements. # 9.5.2 Development of data collection tool Individuals with specialised knowledge on a particular topic and they may include academic specialists. The data collection must have in-depth descriptive data on beliefs and practices, including historical practices. This is a list of items of information to be obtained from documents, records and other materials. ## 10 Rigour / Validity \& reliability To secure measurable data, the items included in the schedule are limited to those that can be uniformly secured from numerous case histories or other records. Making a speculative approach to some companies, showing that you have done your research and know about their work can be very productive. Reflexivity in research will promote rigour, reliability and validity in qualitative research. Background: The value of qualitative research is increasingly acknowledged in Security Studies ${ }^{9}$, and the demand for using rigorous strategies. You can use a wide variety of specialized search engines to zero in on particular types of content. Google, alone, offers specialized search tools for pictures, copyrights, financial information and historical newspapers. SciSeek is a speciality search engine for science information (Portalscience.com. 2018). Many other search tools can help gather data on select themes, such as individuals, businesses, blogs and genealogy. ## 11 Ethical considerations Only upon receiving a research ethics certificate as well as signing the University of Western Cape and SAPS code of conduct for researchers and members, the researcher will continue with his/her specific research only Research ethics certificate as well as signing the University Of Western Cape and SAPS code of conduct for researchers, so to continue with the specific research project. ### 11.1 Permission and informed consent [^0] [^0]: 9 Security Studies - Demonstrate a depth of knowledge and high levels of theoretical understanding in a complex And specialised area within Security Studies. For studies that are subject to the requirements of the University of Western Cape regulations, the informed consent documents should meet the requirements. # 11.2 Anonymity Anonymity is the spiritual foundation of all our Societies, ever prompting us to place principles before behaviours. ### 11.3 Confidentiality A confidentiality agreement sometimes called a 'non-disclosure agreement' is a lawful contract in which the party agrees to not disclose information covered by the agreement and this research will adhere to all if needed agreements. ## 12 Time in Research Time is important in any research design, and here I want to introduce one of the most fundamental distinctions in research design studies. In 9 to 12 months a positive first draft would be logical, but this will only provide parcel suggestions and exclude most financial aspects. If all aspects are formulated including all financial figures a final submission could be done in 2019. ## 13 Philosophy of Research Research must make a statement of improvement on a problem otherwise it is useless: logical reasoning provides a positive research outcome, in this research, it will improve all aspect of service delivery and cut the strain on the environment. ## 14 Executive Summary It is important to the consideration that research must not stop at a level of technology development it must be implemented. This research eliminates discussion of the important trade-offs that must incorporate technologies among the functions, thus it will, in the view of crime prevention create priority policing improvements. Getting the right equipment that is needed while making it costs effective, start today to take on tomorrow by upgrading police stations, we need state-of-the-art equipment to generate the potential that superior technologies can give the citizens of South Africa the sense of safety. To discuss these many complex considerations applies to consider a general framework of the many obstacles that can impede policing organization development, in this case, a law enforcement organization, adopting new technology. These barriers impact whether organizations adopt a new technology and, after they have done so, how they put the technology to use is another thing. When considering law enforcement first important to point out that generalizing is difficult. There are significant differences among technologies that make it more or less likely that departments even want to adopt them; actual desire for a technology is a critical first block that must be passed no matter what the long run costs. There are technologies that are desired by the Department of Police organizations, but, serious barriers to pursuing and using them is the people appointed in the promotion exists. By recalling what they have done to improve the police in the last 10 years and idea can be formed if they were successful. Some following issues in barriers. Technology Risk the risk that the technology will not do as expected or fulfil the tasks desired of it. Costs including both the procurement cost of a technology and the opportunity cost of that technology compared to other uses of resources. Includes implicit assessments of the benefits of new techniques or equipment. Unanticipated Potential non-liability risk or the risk of adverse public opinion associated with using a new technology. In China, science and technology as vital for achieving financial and political goals as well as national prestige. Lacking indigenous technological intellectual property and innovation are seen as key national problems. Premier Wen Jiabao in 2006 stated that without independent innovation China could not claim an equal place in the world or achieve national honour' (En.wikipedia.org, 2018). Between 2000 and 2008, Gross Domestic Expenditures on Research and Development (GERD) rose by an average of $22.8 \%$. The Department of Science and Technology of South Africa ensures effective coordination and responsiveness industry and academia. Such coordination will guide the development of strategic science capabilities and science programs while helping to identify and discuss gaps and system failures. The array of stakeholders and role players that needs to interact meaningfully with a dynamic and complex system demands structural coordination. The government's capacity to give leadership for economic development should be increased. The Department of Science and Technology ensures effective coordination and responsiveness (on behalf of the government) to industry and academia. Such coordination will guide strategic science capabilities and science programs while helping to find and discuss gaps and system failures. # 15 References Accenture.com. (2017). Safe and Sound Police Station Management - Summary - Accenture. [online] Available at: https://www.accenture.com/us-en/insight-safe-sound-police-station-management-summary [Accessed 19 Dec. 2017]. Accenture.com. (2017). Safe and Sound Police Station Management - Summary - Accenture. [online] Available at: https://www.accenture.com/us-en/insight-safe-sound-police-station-management-summary [Accessed 19 Dec. 2017]. Diamantopoulos, A. \& Schlegelmilch, B.B. 1997/2000. Taking the fear out of data analysis: A step-by-step approach. London: Business Press/Thomson Learning. En.wikipedia.org. (2018). Science and technology in China. 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University of Pennsylvania, Jerry Lee Center of Criminology, Forum on Crime and Justice. REICHERT, K. (2001). "Use of information technology by law enforcement". Promising Approaches to Addressing Crime Series. University of Pennsylvania, Jerry Lee Center of Criminology, Forum on Crime and Justice. SAPS (i). (2005). Strategic plan for the South African Police Service 2005-2010. WESTERN CAPE: SAPS Head office Schindler, D.R. \& Cooper, P.S. 2001/2003. Business Research Methods. Seventh/Eight Edition. New York, NY. McGraw-Hill. Thietart RA. (2001). Doing management research. A comprehensive guide. London. Sage Turban E, Mclean E and Wetherbe J. (1999). Information Technology for management marking connections for strategic advantage. 2nd edition. New York: John Wiley and sons Vassar College. (2006). Field work. (Online) Available at: http://fieldwork.vassar.edu/(Accessed: 2017-12-21) (Page 1) ZUMA OUTLINES FIVE KEY PRIORITIES IN SONA. (2014). [Blog] EWN. Available at: http://ewn.co.za/2014/02/13/State-of-the-Nation-address-jobs [Accessed 20 Dec. 2017]. # **NTERNATIONAL SERVICIEN AND VOMEN DAY 29 JUNE 2018** ![img-0.jpeg](https://popdatasets.blob.core.windows.net/popdatasetmdimgs/18-02_south_africa_combined/img-0.jpeg)